While the nutritional science community is already aware of the important role of our metabolism to our overall health and well-being it is now also becoming increasingly clear beyond this group. A key role is played by the hormone GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1), which has a number of positive effects on blood sugar levels, appetite and heart health. But how exactly do GLP-1 and Palatinose™ work, and how can we harness its natural benefits for our weight and metabolic health?
We spoke with Dr. Stephan Theis, Head of Nutrition Science at BENEO, about the latest science on GLP-1. He explains why the slow-release sugar Palatinose™ (isomaltulose) is key to supporting this important hormone.
Dr Theis, can you tell us what GLP-1 is and why this hormone plays such an important role in weight control and metabolic health?
The gut-derived hormone glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) belongs to the so-called incretins, which regulate metabolic responses such as insulin release. GLP-1 specifically exerts beneficial effects such as blood glucose control, appetite reduction or contribution to heart health. Circulating levels of GLP-1 are very low in the fasting state. They rapidly increase within minutes after nutrient ingestion and return to baseline during the postprandial state. Glucose from dietary carbohydrates triggers the release of GLP-1. This happens when glucose reaches the so-called L-cells primarily located in the lower parts of the small intestine.
A recent scientific study1 showed that peak GLP-1 levels after lunch were twice as high when Palatinose™ (isomaltulose) was consumed as a pre-lunch drink compared to sucrose. Importantly, GLP-1 remained significantly higher for the full 6-hour postprandial period examined. Higher GLP-1 levels can improve blood glucose control, reduce appetite and enhance fat metabolism. These are all key benefits for overall metabolic health and weight control.
Why does Palatinose™ trigger a higher release of GLP-1?
The increased GLP-1 release supported by Palatinose™ results from its unique characteristics as a slow-release sugar. It is made from sucrose, which is naturally sourced from sugar beet. Digestion and subsequent absorption occur along the entire small intestine. This leads to a slower and sustained release of glucose compared to sucrose or other easily digestible carbohydrates. Therefore, Palatinose™ reaches the lower parts of the small intestine where it stimulates the release of GLP-1. The totality of the scientific evidence for the GLP-1 promoting effects of Palatinose™ including nine human studies is reliable and consistent.
Future research might thus indeed investigate the effects beyond, such as combining Palatinose™ with other functional carbohydrates and fiber ingredients in BENEO’s portfolio of health promoting ingredients. A recent study combining Palatinose™ and the prebiotic chicory root fiber Orafti® Synergy1 confirmed that these functional ingredients improved metabolic outcomes such as glycaemic variability. It also suggested potential synergistic effects. We also know from animal studies and supported by selected human studies, that the prebiotic fermentation of chicory root fibre can also stimulate the secretion of gut hormones such as GLP-1.
How solid are these scientific findings?
The most recent study (Zhang et al) confirming the beneficial effect of PSE on the GLP-1 release has recently been published in the journal Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. This study and the corresponding publication in this high-ranking scientific journal confirm the overall quality and solidity of the findings. The results add to the already existing scientific evidence on Palatinose™’s ability to support metabolic health in daily life situations, including a higher secretion of the beneficial gut hormone GLP-1 in the general population. The publication generally complements the strong and consistent data for Palatinose™ supporting an increased release of GLP-1. The totality of the scientific evidence also supports corresponding structure/function claims in the USA like “Palatinose™ supports an increased release of GLP-1.”
Understanding GLP-1 and the role of functional ingredients such as Palatinose™ opens up exciting opportunities to better understand and manage metabolic health. Research is showing promise in how the combination of slow-digesting sugars with prebiotic fibres can achieve synergistic effects.
At BENEO, we remain committed to advancing the science behind these approaches and developing products that naturally support your health. We hope this interview provides you with new insights and inspiration to better understand the role of GLP-1 in your diet. Stay tuned for more exciting developments in the world of nutritional science!
1Zhang J. et al (2024); Isomaltulose Enhances GLP-1 and PYY Secretion to a Mixed Meal in People With or Without Type 2 Diabetes as Compared to Saccharose. Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. 68(4):e2300086, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38332571/ (online since 08/02/2024)